Anuradhapura presents a mixed experience for those exploring on foot. The ancient city is sprawling, with substantial distances between attractions and the residential areas, making it challenging to rely on walking alone. While certain districts, particularly the New Town area, offer pedestrian-friendly pockets with accessible shops and eateries, the city's overall layout necessitates additional transport options like tuk-tuks for sightseeing. For travelers balancing work and exploration, a strategy combining walking with other transport means is necessary to fully experience the city.

Public transport in Anuradhapura is centered around a bus network that adequately covers the city and its environs, making it a viable option for budget-conscious travelers. The buses operate frequently, connecting various neighborhoods and attractions, although they can often be crowded. While the city’s transport infrastructure, including the railway, is evolving, those relying on public transit should plan for occasional delays and operational quirks, common in Sri Lankan public transport. For ultimate flexibility and efficiency, especially for work-related travel, complementing public transit with other means like tuk-tuks might be advisable.

Cycling in Anuradhapura provides a unique and enjoyable way to explore the city's historical sites. The city's flat terrain is conducive to biking, and there are several rental services and guided tours available. However, cyclists should be cautious of the traffic and limited dedicated cycling infrastructure in some areas. Despite these challenges, many travelers find biking a peaceful alternative to motorized transport, offering a more immersive experience of the city's cultural landscape. For those considering a bicycle as a primary mode of transport, being aware of weather conditions and traffic patterns can ensure a safer and more enjoyable ride.